d = read.table("exmp11-01.txt",header=TRUE,sep=",") d$box = as.factor(d$box) fit = aov(strength~box,data=d) summary(fit) qqnorm(fit$res);qqline(fit$res) xmean = by(fit$res,d$box,mean) xmean = c(rep(xmean[1],6),rep(xmean[1],6),rep(xmean[1],6),rep(xmean[1],6)) d2 = data.frame(x=abs(fit$res-xmean),box=d$box) fit2 = aov(x~box,data=d2) summary(fit2) install.packages("car") library(car) fit3 = leveneTest(d$strength,d$box,center=mean) print(fit3) TukeyHSD(fit) plot(TukeyHSD(fit)) abline(v=0)