Required textbooks
Please note that these are new textbooks as of 2003; a different textbook was used for the course in 2002 (Meyers and Avison, 2002).
- Creswell, John W. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 2nd Edition. London: Sage, 2003.
- Silverman, David. Interpreting Qualitative Data: Methods for Analysing Talk, Text and Interaction, 2nd Edition. London: Sage, 2001.
The books will be available at Akademika soon.
Qualitative research methods ? core references & working bibliography
Please note that I will update this working bibliography throughout the semester
Additional textbooks for PhD students following the course -- Available at Akademika Highly recommended as core resources for all students taking the course
- Alvesson, Mats and Sk?ldberg, Kaj. Reflexive Methodology: New Vistas for Qualitative Research. London: Sage Publications, 2000/2003.
- Coffey, Amanda and Atkinson, Paul. Making Sense of Qualitative Data: Complementary Research Strategies. Thousand Oaks, CA USA: Sage Publications, 1996.
- Myers, M.D. and Avison, D.E. (eds.) Qualitative Research in Information Systems: A Reader. Sage Publications, London, 2002. Also see the web page, Qualitative Research in Information Systems, edited by Michael Myers, http://www.qual.auckland.ac.nz/.
- Silverman, David (ed.). Qualitative Research: Theory, Method and Practice. London: Sage Publications, 1997/1998.
Additional general resources
Becker, Howard S. Tricks of the Trade: How to Think About Your Research While You?re Doing It. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1998.
Booth, Wayne C., Colomb, Gregory G., and Williams, Joseph M. The Craft of Research. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1995.
Czarniawska, Barbara. A Narrative Approach to Organization Studies. Thousand Oaks, CA USA: Sage Publications, 1998.
Denzin, Norman K. and Lincoln, Yvonna S., editors. Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1994.
Glaser, Barney G. and Strauss, Anselm L. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. NY: Aldine de Gruyter, 1967.
Lieberson, Stanley. Making It Count: The Improvement of Social Research and Theory. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 1985.
Mills, C. Wright (1959) "On Intellectual Craftsmanship" Pp. 195-226 in his The Sociological Imagination, New York: Oxford University Press.
Patton, Michael Quinn. Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods, Second Edition. Newbury Park, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1990, 1980.
Patton, Michael Quinn. How to Use Qualitative Methods in Evaluation. Newbury Park, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1987.
Ragin, Charles C. and Becker, Howard S., editors. What is a Case? Exploring the Foundations of Social Inquiry. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Schatzman, Leonard and Strauss, Anselm L. Field Research: Strategies for a Natural Sociology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1973.
Strauss, Anselm and Corbin, Juliet. Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Newbury Park, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1990.
Whyte, William Foote. Creative Problem Solving in the Field: Reflections on a Career. Walnut Creek, CA and London: AltaMira Press/Sage Publications, 1997.
Williams, Raymond. Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976.
Yin, Robert K. Case Study Research: Design and Methods, Second Edition. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1994.
Yin, Robert K. Applications of Case Study Research, Second Edition. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2003.
Action Research
Argyris, Chris. On Organizational Learning. Cambridge, MA and Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1992. ? Chapter 20: Participatory Action Research and Action Science Compared (414-423); Chapter 21: Unintended Consequences of Rigorous Research (424-442)
Argyris, Chris, Putnam, Robert, and Smith, Diana McLain. Action Science: Concepts, Methods, and Skills for Research and Intervention. San Francisco and Oxford: 1990. ? Chapter 10: Promoting Reflection and Experimentation ? Chapter 12: Developing New Frames of Reference
Argyris, Chris and Sch?n, Donald A. Organizational Learning II: Theory, Method, and Practice. Reading, MA and Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1996. ? Chapter 1: What Is An Organization That It May Learn?; ? Chapter 2: Turning the Researcher/Practitioner Relationship on Its Head.
Elden, Max and Chisholm, Rupert F. ?Emerging Varieties of Action Research: Introduction to the Special Issue,? Human Relations, Vol. 46, No. 2: 121-142, February 1993.
Elden, Max and Levin, Morten. ?Cogenerative Learning: Bringing Participation into Action Research.? In Whyte, William Foote, editor, Participatory Action Research. Newbury Park, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1991.
Greenwood, Davydd J. and Levin, Morten. Introduction to Action Research: Social Research for Social Change. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1998. ? Chapter 2: A History of Action Research ? Chapter 11: Action Research and Organizational Learning
Whyte, William Foote, editor. Participatory Action Research. Newbury Park, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1991. ? Elden, Max and Levin, Morten. Cogenerative Learning: Bringing Participation into Action Research..
Grounded Theory
Glaser, Barney G. and Strauss, Anselm L. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Hawthorne, New York: Aldine Publishing Co., 1980. First published 1967.
Schatzman, Leonard and Strauss, Anselm L. Field Research: Strategies for a Natural Sociology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1973.
Strauss, Anselm. (1987) Qualitative Analysis for Social Scientists. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge U. Press.
Strauss, Anselm and Juliet Corbin. (1994) ?Grounded Theory Methodology,? Pp. 273-285 in Norman Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln, eds. Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Strauss, Anselm and Corbin, Juliet. Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1990.
Strauss, Anselm, and Corbin, Juliet, editors. Grounded Theory in Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 1997.
Thoresen, Kari. Computer Use, Dissertation. Oslo: Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 1999. See Appendix on grounded theory in IS design.
Ethics
Gilbert, M. Jean, Tashima, Nathaniel, and Fishman, C. C. "Ethics and Practicing Anthropologists' Dialogue with the Larger World: Considerations in the Formulation of Ethical Guidelines for Practicing Anthropologists." In Fluhr-Lobban, C., editor, Ethics and the Profession of Anthropology: Dialogue for a New Era. Philadelphia, PA: Pennsylvania University Press, 1991.
Michael A. Rynkiewich and James P. Spradley, eds. Ethics and Anthropology: Dilemmas in Fieldwork, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Raudonis, Barbara M. ?Ethical Considerations in Qualitative Research with Hospice Patients,? Qualitative Health Research, Vol. 2, No. 2: pp. 238-249, 1992.
Methods
Interviewing
Burgess, Robert G. (1984) "Methods of Field Research 2: Interviews as Conversations," Pp. 101-122 in his In the Field: An Introduction to Field Research, London: George Allen & Unwin.
Denzin, Norman K. and Lincoln, Yvonna S., editors. Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1994.
- Fontana, Andrea and Frey, James H. Interviewing: The Art of Science (Chapter 22)
Hammersley, Martyn and Atkinson, Paul. Ethnography: Principles in Practice, Second Edition. London and NY: Routledge, 1995.
- Chapter 5: Insider accounts: listening and asking questions [Interviewing]
Hammer, Dean and Aaron Wildavsky. (1989) ?The Open-Ended, Semistructured Interview, An (Almost) Operational Guide? Pp. 57-101 in Wildavsky's Craftways: On the Organization of Scholarly Work. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
Mishler, Elliot. (1986) Research Interviewing: Context and Narrative. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. (Highly rec., esp. chap. on narrative analysis)
Patton, Michael Quinn. Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods, Second Edition. Newbury Park, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1990, 1980.
- Chapter 7: Qualitative Interviewing;
Whyte, William Foote. Creative Problem Solving in the Field: Reflections on a Career. Walnut Creek, CA and London: AltaMira Press/Sage Publications, 1997.
- Chapter 3: Interviewing in the Field;
Whyte, William Foote (with the collaboration of Kathleen King Whyte),. (1984) "Interviewing Strategy and Tactics," Pp. 97-112 in their Learning from the Field: A Guide from Experience. Beverly Hills: SAGE.
Memo-Writing
Strauss, Anselm. Qualitative Analysis for Social Scientists. Cambridge and NY: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
- Chapter 5: Memos and memo writing
- Chapter 9: Integrative mechanisms: diagrams, memo sequences, writing
Observations
Barley, Stephen. (1990) "Images of Imaging: Notes on Doing Longitudinal Field Work," Organization Science, Vol. 1: 220-247.
Denzin, Norman K. and Lincoln, Yvonna S., editors. Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1994.
- Adler, Patricia A. and Adler, Peter. Observational Techniques (Chapter 23)
Jackson, Bruce. (1987) ?Rapport? in his Fieldwork. Urbana: U. of Illinois Press, pp. 68-78.
Patton, Michael Quinn. Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods, Second Edition. Newbury Park, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1990, 1980.
- Chapter 6: Fieldwork Strategies and Observation Methods;
Schatzman, Leonard and Strauss, Anselm L. Field Research: Strategies for a Natural Sociology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1973.
- Chapter 3: Strategy for Getting Organized (see especially mapping, sampling)
Whyte, William Foote. Creative Problem Solving in the Field: Reflections on a Career. Walnut Creek, CA and London: AltaMira Press/Sage Publications, 1997.
- Chapter 2: Systematizing Participant Observation;
Photography
Harper, Doug. (1979) "Life on the Road," Pp. 25-42 in Jon Wagner, ed. Images of Information: Still Photography in the Social Sciences, Beverly Hills: Sage.
Sontag, Susan. On Photography. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1973.
Video
Jordan, Brigitte. ?Method and Experience.? Chapter Five in Birth in Four Cultures: A Cross-cultural Investigation of Childbirth in Yucatan, Holland, Sweden and the United States, pp. 91-123. Montreal, Quebec: Eden Press Women?s Publications, Inc., 1978.
Suchman, Lucy A. and Trigg, Randall H. ?Understanding Practice: Video as a Medium for Reflection and Design.? In Greenbaum, Joan and Kyng, Morten, editors, Design at Work: Cooperative Design of Computer Systems. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 1991.
Wall, Patricia and Mosher, Andrea. ?Representations of Work: Bringing Designers and Users Together." In Trigg, Randall, Anderson, Susan Irwin, and Dykstra-Erickson, Elizabeth, editors, Proceedings of Participatory Design Conference, PDC '94. Palo Alto, CA: Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility, 1994.
Research Design
Denzin, Norman K. and Lincoln, Yvonna S., editors. Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1994.
- Stake, Robert S. Case Studies (Chapter 14);
- Fontana, Andrea and Frey, James H. Interviewing: The Art of Science (Chapter 22)
- Adler, Patricia A. and Adler, Peter. Observational Techniques (Chapter 23)
Hammersley, Martyn and Atkinson, Paul. Ethnography: Principles in Practice, Second Edition. London and NY: Routledge, 1995.
- Chapter 2: Research design: problems, cases, and samples;
Kuutti, Kari. The concept of activity as a basic unit of analysis for CSCW research, pp. 249-264, in Bannon, l., Robinson, M., and Schmidt, K., eds. Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work. Amsterdam: ECSCW ?91, 1991.
Patton, Michael Quinn. Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods, Second Edition. Newbury Park, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1990, 1980.
- Chapter 1: The Nature of Qualitative Inquiry;
- Chapter 2: Strategic Themes in Qualitative Inquiry;
- Chapter 5: Designing Qualitative Studies;
- Chapter 9: Enhancing the Quality and Credibility of Qualitative Analysis; References
Sj?berg, Cecelia. Activities, Voices and Arenas: Participatory Design in Practice, Dissertation No. 439, Department of Computer and Information Science, Department of Community Medicine, Link?ping University, Link?ping, Sweden: 1996.
- Chapter 4: Methods, pp. 49-69.
Whyte, William Foote. Creative Problem Solving in the Field: Reflections on a Career. Walnut Creek, CA and London: AltaMira Press/Sage Publications, 1997.
- Chapter 9: On Combining Research Methods;
- Chapter 10: On History: How the Past Shapes `Present and Future
Sampling
Becker, Howard S. Tricks of the Trade: How to Think About Your Research While You?re Doing It. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1998.
- Chapter 3: Sampling (67-108)
Case Studies
Denzin, Norman K. and Lincoln, Yvonna S., editors. Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1994.
- Stake, Robert S. Case Studies (Chapter 14);
Ragin, Charles C. and Becker, Howard S., editors. What is a Case? Exploring the Foundations of Social Inquiry. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Yin, Robert K. Case Study Research: Design and Methods, Second Edition. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1994.
- Chapter 1: Introduction;
- Chapter 2: Designing Case Studies (see especially Criteria for Judging Quality of Research Designs);
Survey research
Anderson, James G., Aydin, Carolyn E., and Jay, Stephen J. Evaluating Health Care Information Systems: Methods and Applications. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1994.
- Chapter 4; Survey Methods for Assessing Social Impacts of Computers in Health Care Organizations
Theoretical Issues
Anderson, James G., Aydin, Carolyn E., and Jay, Stephen J. Evaluating Health Care Information Systems: Methods and Applications. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1994.
- Chapter 1: Overview: Theoretical Perspectives and Methodologies for the Evaluation of Health Care Information Systems
Strauss, Anselm and Corbin, Juliet. Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Newbury Park, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1990.
- Chapter 3: Theoretical Sensitivity (41-47);
- Chapter 6: Techniques for Enhancing Theoretical Sensitivity (75-95);
- Chapter 11: Theoretical Sampling, including Definition of Terms (176-193)
Wax, Rosalie. (1971) "Theoretical Presuppositions" (pp. 3-14); "The First and Most Uncomfortable Stage of Fieldwork" (pp. 15-19); "The Ambiguities of Fieldwork" (pp. 42-55); and "Final Thoughts" (pp. 363-373) in her Doing Fieldwork: Warnings and Advice, Chicago: University of Chicago.
Analysis
Geertz, Clifford (1983) "Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture," Pp. 37-59 in Robert M. Emerson (ed.), Contemporary Field Research: A Collection of Readings. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
Glaser, Barney G. and Strauss, Anselm L. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. NY: Aldine de Gruyter, 1967.
- Chapter 5: The Constant Comparative Method of Qualitative Analysis
- Chapter 6: Clarifying and Assessing Comparative Studies
- Chapter 11: Insight and Theory Development
Miles, Matthew B. and Huberman, A. Michael. Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook, Second Edition. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1994.
- Chapter 1: Introduction
Mishler, Elliot. (1986) Research Interviewing: Context and Narrative. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Conversation Analysis, Discourse Analysis
Atkinson, J. Maxwell and Heritage, John, editors. Structures of Social Action: Studies in Conversation Analysis. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
Engestr?m, Ritva. "Voice as Communicative Action," Mind, Culture, and Activity, Vol. 2, No. 3, 1995.
Engestr?m, Yrj?. ?Communication, Discourse and Activity,? The Communication Review, Vol. 3, Nos. 1 & 2: pp. 165-185, 1999a.
Potter, Jonathan and Wetherell, Margaret. Discourse and Social Psychology: Beyond Attitudes and Behavior. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1987.
Silverman, David. Qualitative Research: Theory, Method and Practice. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1998. First published 1997.
Silverman, David. (1985) "Conversational Analysis: The Description of Forms of Understanding," Pp. 117-137 in Qualitative Methodology and Sociology: Describing the Social World, Aldershot, UK: Gower.
Interaction analysis
Jordan, Brigitte and Henderson, Austin. Interaction Analysis: Foundations and Practice. SPL-94-059, P94-00017. Palo Alto, CA: Systems and Practices Laboratory, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), 1994.
Texts ? analysis of documents and texts, semiotic analysis
Hammersley, Martyn and Paul Atkinson. (1983) "Documents," Pp. 127-143 in their Ethnography: Principles in Practice, London: Tavistock.
Webb, Eugene J.; Donald T. Campbell; Richard Schwartz; and Lee Sechrest. (1966) "Archives II: The Episodic and Private Record," Pp. 88-111 in their Unobtrusive Measures: Nonreactive Research in the Social Sciences. Chicago: Rand McNally.
Writing ? and reading others? writing
Becker, Howard S. Writing for Social Scientists: How to Start and Finish Your Thesis, Book, or Article. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1986.
Clifford, James and George Marcus, eds. (1986) Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley: U. of California Press.
Davis, Gordon B. and Parker, Clyde A. Writing the Doctoral Dissertation: A Systematic Approach. Hauppauge, NY: Barton?s Educational Series, Inc., 1997.
Day, Robert A. How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper, Fourth Edition. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press, 1994.
Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, Fourth Edition. NY: The Modern Language Association of America, 1995. (A standard book for writing style in social sciences and humanities.)
Locke, Lawrence F, Waneen Wyrick Spirduso and Stephen Silverman. (1987) Proposals that Work: A guide for Planning Dissertations and Grant Proposals. 2nd ed. Newbury Park: SAGE.
Schatzman, Leonard and Strauss, Anselm L. Field Research: Strategies for a Natural Sociology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1973.
- Chapter 3: Strategy for Getting Organized (see especially mapping, sampling)
- Chapter 6: Strategy for Recording (see especially writing analytic memos)
Strauss, Anselm. Qualitative Analysis for Social Scientists. Cambridge and NY: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
- Chapter 12: Reading and writing research publications
Strauss, Anselm and Corbin, Juliet. Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1998.
- Chapter 15: Writing Theses and Monographs and Giving Talks About Research
- Chapter 16: Criteria for Evaluation
Yin, Robert K. Case Study Research: Design and Methods, Second Edition. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1994.
- Chapter 6: Composing the Case Study ?Report? (see especially What Makes an Exemplary Case Study?)
Additional resources
Richardson, Laurel. (1992) "The Poetic Representation of Lives: Writing a Postmodernist Sociology," Studies in Symbolic Interaction, Vol. 13: 19-27.
Spradley, James P. (1980) "Writing an Ethnography" Pp. 160-171 in his Participant Observation, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Stoddart, Kenneth. (1986) "The Presentation of Everyday Life: Some Textual Strategies for 'Adequate Ethnography'," Urban Life, 15:103-121.
Van Maanen, John. Tales of the Field. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.