John E. McMurry: Organic Chemistry, 9th Edition, 2016. Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1-305-08048-5.
Elektronisk utgave av l?reboka (e-l?rebok): Alle registrerte studenter vil ved oppm?te ved emnets start f? utdelt koder som gir FRI ADGANG til e-l?reboka og mye annet elektronisk kursmateriell knyttet til l?reboka!
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I tillegg til l?rebok-kapitlene som er angitt nedenfor (kap. 1 og 2 forutsettes kjent fra f?r), er laboratoriekurset pensum.
Kompendiet for laboratoriekurset legges ut i Classfronter-rommet. Ytterligere informasjon vil bli gitt som meldinger p? emnets semestersider.
For studenter som tar KJM1110 (sist gitt V2017) om igjen: De avsnitt i KJM1111-pensum som er markert med r?dt, er ikke KJM1110-pensum.
Kap. 1 (Structure and Bonding) og 2 (Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases) forutsettes kjent fra f?r, og b?r repeteres av studentene selv ved semesterstart. Oppgavel?sing (bruk e-l?ringsressursene!) anbefales p? det varmeste.
Kap. 3 Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry
- 3.1. Functional groups
- 3.2. Alkanes and alkane isomers
- 3.3. Alkyl groups
- 3.4. Naming alkanes
- 3.5. Properties of alkanes
- 3.6. Conformations of ethane
- 3.7. Conformations of other alkanes
Kap. 4 Organic Compounds: Cycloalkanes and Their Stereochemistry
- 4.1. Naming cycloalkanes
- 4.2. Cis-trans isomerism in cycloalkanes
- 4.3. Stability of cycloalkanes: Ring strain
- 4.4. Conformations of cycloalkanes
- 4.5. Conformations of cyclohexane
- 4.6. Axial and equatorial bonds in cyclohexane
- 4.7. Conformations of monosubstituted cyclohexanes
- 4.8. Conformations of disubstituted cyclohexanes
- 4.9. Conformations of polycyclic molecules
Kap. 5 Stereochemistry at Tetrahedral Centers
- 5.1. Enantiomers and the tetrahedral carbon
- 5.2. The reason for handedness in molecules: Chirality
- 5.3. Optical activity
- 5.4. Pasteur's discovery of enantiomers
- 5.5. Sequence rules for specifying configuration
- 5.6. Diastereomers
- 5.7. Meso compounds
- 5.8. Racemic mixtures and the resolution of enantiomers
- 5.9. A review of isomerism
- 5.10. Chirality at nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur
- 5.11. Prochirality
Kap. 6 An Overview of Organic Reactions
- 6.1. Kinds of organic reactions
- 6.2. How organic reactions occur: Mechanisms
- 6.3. Radical reactions
- 6.4. Polar reactions
- 6.5. An example of a polar reaction: Addition of HBr to ethylene
- 6.6. Using curved arrows in polar reaction mechanisms
- 6.7. Describing a reaction: Equilibria, rates, and energy changes
- 6.8. Describing a reaction: Bond dissociation energies
- 6.9. Describing a reaction: Energy diagrams and transition states
- 6.10. Describing a reaction: Intermediates
Kap. 7 Alkenes: Structure and Reactivity
- 7.1. Industrial preparation and use of alkenes
- 7.2. Calculating degree of unsaturation
- 7.3. Naming alkenes
- 7.4. Cis-trans isomerism in alkenes
- 7.5. Alkene stereochemistry and the E,Z designation
- 7.6. Stability of alkenes
- 7.7. Electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes
- 7.8. Orientation of electrophilic addition: Markovnikov’s Rule
- 7.9. Carbocation structure and stability
- 7.10. The Hammond Postulate
- 7.11. Evidence for the mechanism of electrophilic additions: Carbocation rearrangements
Kap. 8 Alkenes: Reactions and Synthesis
- 8.1. Preparation of alkenes: A preview of elimination reactions
- 8.2. Halogenation of alkenes: Addition of X2
- 8.3. Halohydrins from alkenes: Addition of HOX
- 8.5. Hydration of alkenes: Addition of H2O by hydroboration
- 8.6. Reduction of alkenes: Hydrogenation
- 8.7. Oxidation of alkenes: Epoxidation and hydroxylation
- 8.8. Oxidation of alkenes: Cleavage to carbonyl compounds
- 8.12. Reaction stereochemistry: Addition of H2O to an achiral alkene
- 8.13. Reaction stereochemistry: Addition of H2O to a chiral alkene
Kap. 9 Alkynes: An Introduction to Organic Synthesis
- 9.1. Naming alkynes
- 9.2. Preparation of alkynes: Elimination reactions of dihalides
- 9.3. Reactions of alkynes: Addition of HX and X2
- 9.4. Hydration of alkynes
- 9.5. Reduction of alkynes
- 9.6. Oxidative cleavage of alkynes
- 9.7. Alkyne acidity: Formation of acetylide anions
- 9.8. Alkylation of acetylide anions
- 9.9. An introduction to organic synthesis
Kap. 10 Organohalides
- 10.1. Names and structures of alkyl halides
- 10.2. Preparing alkyl halides from alkanes: Radical halogenation
- 10.3. Preparing alkyl halides from alkenes: Allylic bromination
- 10.4. Stability of the allyl radical: Resonance revisited
- 10.5. Preparing alkyl halides from alcohols
- 10.6. Reactions of alkyl halides: Grignard reagents
- 10.8. Oxidation and reduction in organic chemistry
Kap. 11 Reactions of Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations
- 11.1. The discovery of nucleophilic substitution reactions
- 11.2. The SN2 reaction
- 11.3. Characteristics of the SN2 reaction
- 11.4. The SN1 reaction
- 11.5. Characteristics of the SN1 reaction
- 11.7. Elimination reactions: Zaitzev's rule
- 11.8. The E2 reaction and the deuterium isotope effect
- 11.9. The E2 reaction and cyclohexane conformation
- 11.10. The E1 and E1cB reactions
- 11.12. A summary of reactivity: SN1, SN2, E1, E1cB, and E2
Kap. 12 Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy
- 12.5. Spectroscopy and the electromagnetic spectrum
- 12.6. Infrared spectroscopy
- 12.7. Interpreting infrared spectra
Kap. 13 Structure Determination: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- 13.1. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- 13.2. The nature of NMR absorptions
- 13.3. The chemical shift
- 13.4. Chemical shifts in 1H NMR spectroscopy
- 13.5. Integration of 1H NMR absorptions: Proton counting
- 13.6. Spin-spin splitting in 1H NMR spectra
- 13.9. Uses of 1H NMR spectroscopy
Kap. 15 Benzene and Aromaticity
- 15.1. Naming aromatic compounds
- 15.2. Structure and stability of benzene
- 15.3. Aromaticity and the Hückel 4n+2 rule
- 15.4. Aromatic ions
- 15.5. Aromatic heterocycles: Pyridine and pyrrole
- 15.6. Polycyclic aromatic compounds
Kap. 16 Chemistry of Benzene: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
- 16.1. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions: Bromination
- 16.2. Other aromatic substitutions
- 16.3. Alkylation and acylation of aromatic rings: The Friedel-Crafts reaction
- 16.4. Substituent effects in electrophilic substitutions
- 16.5. Trisubstituted benzenes: Additivity of effects
- 16.8. Oxidation of aromatic compounds
- 16.9. Reduction of aromatic compounds
- 16.10. Synthesis of polysubstituted benzenes
Kap. 17 Alcohols and Phenols
- 17.1. Naming alcohols and phenols
- 17.2. Properties of alcohols and phenols
- 17.3. Preparation of alcohols: A review
- 17.4. Alcohols from carbonyl compounds: Reduction
- 17.5. Alcohols from carbonyl compounds: Grignard reaction
- 17.6. Reactions of alcohols
- 17.7. Oxidation of alcohols
A Preview of Carbonyl Compounds, s.595-603
Kap. 19 Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
- 19.1. Naming aldehydes and ketones
- 19.2. Preparation of aldehydes and ketones
- 19.3. Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones
- 19.4. Nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones
- 19.5. Nucleophilic addition of H2O: Hydration
- 19.7. Nucleophilic addition of hydride and Grignard: Alcohol formation
- 19.8. Nucleophilic addition of amines: Imine and enamine formation (avsnittet er pensum for KJM1111, men ikke for KJM1110)
- 19.10. Nucleophilic addition of alcohols: Acetal formation
- 19.11. Nucleophilic addition of phosphorus ylides: The Wittig reaction
Kap. 20 Carbocylic Acids and Nitriles
- 20.1. Naming carboxylic acids and nitriles
- 20.2. Structure and properties of carboxylic acids
- 20.3. Biological acids and the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
- 20.4. Substituent effects on acidity
- 20.5. Preparing carboxylic acids
- 20.6. Reactions of carboxylic acids: An overview
- 20.7. Chemistry of nitriles
Kap. 21 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions
- 21.1. Naming carboxylic acid derivatives
- 21.2. Nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions
- 21.3. Reactions of carboxylic acids
- 21.4. Chemistry of acid halides
- 21.5. Chemistry of acid anhydrides
- 21.6. Chemistry of esters
- 21.7. Chemistry of amides
- 21.9. Polyamides and polyesters: Step-growth polymers
Kap. 22 Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution Reactions (avsnittene fra dette kapitlet er pensum for KJM1111, men ikke for KJM1110)
- 22.1. Keto-enol tautomerism
- 22.2. Reactivity of enols: Alpha-substitution reactions
- 23.3. Alpha halogenation of aldehydes and ketones
- 24.5. Acidity of alpha hydrogen atoms: Enolate ion formation
- 22.6. Reactivity of enolate ions
- 22.7. Alkylation of enolate ions
Kap. 23 Carbonyl Condensation Reactions (avsnittene fra dette kapitlet er pensum for KJM1111, men ikke for KJM1110)
- 23.1. Carbonyl condensation: The aldol reaction
- 23.2. Carbonyl condensation versus alpha substitutions
- 23.3. Dehydration of aldol products: Synthesis of enones
- 23.4. Using aldol reactions in synthesis
- 23.5. Mixed aldol reactions
- 23.6. Intramolecular aldol reactions
Kap. 24 Amines and Heterocycles
- 24.1. Naming amines
- 24.2. Structure and properties of amines
- 24.3. Basicity of amines
- 24.4. Basicity of substituted arylamines
- 24.5. Biological amines and the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
- 24.6. Synthesis of amines (til og med s. 800) (avsnittet er pensum for KJM1111, men ikke for KJM1110)