STV4326 ¨C Threats to Modern Democracy

Course content

Until recently, a central tenet of political science held that once a country reaches a certain level of political and economic development, democracy will remain strong indefinitely. Yet, contemporary developments in democracies across the globe have challenged this "consolidation thesis". During the recent decade, many countries seem to have experienced sudden or gradual deteriorations in democracy - so-called democratic erosions, and this includes fairly well established democracies such as Hungary, Poland, Brazil and the United States.

The aim of this course is to understand how and to what extent modern democracies are under threat, and to explore different drivers of democratic erosion. To do so, the course will draw on insights from across various strands of political science - including political behavior, comparative politics, political economy and political psychology. Our focus will be on micro-level processes that drive democratic erosion - including the behavior and choices of key actors such as leaders, political parties and the opposition, and the behavior and preferences of ordinary citizens. Yet, we will also consider how structural forces, such as economic inequality, education and demographic change, feed into these processes.

One recurring theme throughout the course is the question of how we best can draw inferences about the symptoms and causes of democratic erosion. We will critically evaluate and compare evidence from different state-of-the art methodological approaches, such as survey- and lab-experiments, expert-coded data, cross-country time-series analysis, and case studies, discussing when each of these approaches are most suitable, and how they can complement each other.

Learning outcome

Knowledge

After having completed the course, students will:

• Be familiar with how democracy and democratic erosion is defined, operationalized and measured
• Have a good overview of historical and recent developments in democracy across the globe
• Understand theories of democratic backsliding
• Have a solid understanding of how political actors such as leaders, political parties and civil society may undermine or protect democracies
• Be familiar with how modern media outlets may shape the democratic discourse
• Have a solid understanding of the determinants of political polarization and populism, and how this may undermine democracy
• Have a solid understanding of how individual grievances due to, e.g. identity, fear or economic concerns, may fuel anti-democratic tendencies
• Grasp the discussion of how individual commitments to democracy can most accurately be captured and measured
• Understand how mechanisms at different levels of analysis (macro-, individuals, elite actors) work together to influence a macro-level political process such as democratic erosion

Skills

Having completed the course, students will:

• Be able to understand and synthesize arguments and evidence in a systematic way, and communicate this to an audience.
• Be able to critically assess and compare different types of empirical evidence from comparative politics and the social sciences more broadly
• Have experience in considering how different methodological approaches may yield different conclusions and how they may complement each other
• Have practical skills in carrying out systematic search for literature and data, and conducting an independent empirical study
• Have skills when it comes to synthesizing findings from different levels of analysis (individual, meso-, macro) and how this can inform conclusions and discussions of a topic such as democratic erosion
• Have improved your academic writing skills

General competences

The students will be able to:

• Analyze arguments empirically and theoretically
• Distinguish between evidence that supports general causal inferences and research that does not
• Engage in dissemination of research
• Read and understand findings from scholarly literature
• Engage in technical discussions of research design, data, and interpretation within the field of comparative politics

Admission to the course

Students who are admitted to study programmes at UiO must each semester register which courses and exams they wish to sign up for in Studentweb.

Students enrolled in other Master`s Degree Programmes can, on application, be admitted to the course if this is cleared by their own study programme.

If you are not already enrolled as a student at UiO, please see our information about admission requirements and procedures.

Apply for guest student status if you are admitted to another Master`s programme (deadline 1 August / 5 January).

For incoming students

All Master`s courses in Political Science must be registered manually by the Department, they will not appear in Studentweb. Contact your international coordinator at UiO.

Teaching

10 lectures.

Obligatory activity:?

• Attend first lecture

• Attend six of the following nine lectures

Absence from compulsory activities:For many courses, UiO requires participation in the form of compulsory activities. These must be approved before you can sit for the examination.If you are ill or have another valid reason for being absent from compulsory activities, your absence may be approved or the compulsory activity may be postponed.Report absence from or the need for a postponed deadline on a compulsory activity?Absence from compulsory activities - University of Oslo (uio.no)

Examination

3-hour written examination.

Language of examination

The examination text is given in English, and you submit your response in English.

Grading scale

Grades are awarded on a scale from A to F, where A is the best grade and F is a fail. Read more about the grading system.

More about examinations at UiO

• Use of sources and citations
• Special exam arrangements due to individual needs
• Withdrawal from an exam
• Illness at exams / postponed exams
• Explanation of grades and appeals
• Resitting an exam
• Cheating/attempted cheating

You will find further guides and resources at the web page on examinations at UiO.